Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation analysis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

The genetic analysis was carried out twenty two germplasm lines under irrigated normal soil condition to determine mode of inheritance of yield and its contributing traits. The experiment was conducted to evaluate in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replication at Nidharia Agriculture Farm S.M.M. Town P.G. College, Ballia, U.P. Data were recorded in respect of days to 50% germination, days to 50% flowering, tillers per plant, plant height, flag leaf area, peduncle length, spike length, days to maturity, number of grain per spike, biological yield, 100 seed weight, harvest index and seed yield per plant for their analysis and interpretation to determine the genetic variability, correlation coefficient,, heritability and genetic advance analysis. All the 22 genotypes showed vast range of variation for all the13 characters under consideration. .The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences between the treatments for all the characters under study. Genotypes such as New CB, NEW CB- 7, NEW CB- 3 and NEW CB- 45 produce highest seed yield .Thus genotypes can be used as donor parents in breeding programmes and can be beneficial for transferring the desired gene.The highest amount of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were observed for biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant, followed by harvest index , tillers per plant, peduncle length and number of grain per spike. The heritability in broad sense for thirteen characters studied which ranged from 98% to 52%, maximum for days to 50% germination, followed by days to maturity, biological yield, harvest index, days to 50% flowering, number of grain per spike, peduncle length, grain yield per plant and test weight showed high heritability. Maximum genetic advancement was reported for the trait like harvest index, days to maturity, biological yield, and number of grain per spike. The grain yield per plant exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with tillers per plant, plant height, flag leaf area, and biological yield.The result revealed that these traits may serve as effective selection attributes during selection in breeding program for yield improvement.