review of Agri-entrepreneurship Agritech startups in India:Helping farmers through Agripreneurship
The startups are an exemplar that great steps are done by a series of small things brought together. These startups are trying to achieve the goal by taking one small step at a point time, moving from one problem to another for solving the issues by disruptive innovation. The startups are creating new jobs that mean more employment and are also leaving a ripple effect on the socio-economic situation of the demography in which they are operating. The world has become a playfield for these young entrepreneurs as the global startup revolution continues to grow. Underneath this continued growth, fundamental shifts are occurring. In the view of the importance of startup in the agriculture sector, conducted a review related to the Agripreneurship. Specifically, the study focuses on the Agritech startups in India to help the farmers. The study is based on Private sectors agricultural companies related the subject matter, the majority of which are journals and scholarly articles. The paper revealed the following components of agritech startups: Bayer Crop Science, Agrostar, DeHaat and EM3 AgriServices.
Lorentzian concircular structure manifolds ((????????????)???? − manifolds): a review
This paper present a brief survey of results on Lorentzian concircular structure manifold, in shorts called as (????????????)???? −manifolds.
Assam Problem: A Historical Perspective and Current Challenges
Assam, a picturesque state nestled in the northeastern region of India, has grappled with various socio-political issues collectively known as the "Assam Problem." Rooted in complex historical and demographic factors, the Assam Problem revolves around issues such as illegal immigration, ethnic tensions, and the preservation of indigenous cultures. This article delves into the historical background of the Assam Problem, its multifaceted dimensions, and the steps taken by the government and civil society to find lasting solutions. To shed light on the subject, various academic sources and reports will be referenced.
Generalized semi-pseudo Ricci-symmetric manifold admitting W2-Ricci tensor
The present paper deals with the study of generalized semi-pseudo Ricci-symmetric on -Ricci tensor and obtained some interesting results.
Pseudo Ricci-symmetric manifolds, semi-pseudo Ricci–symmetric manifolds, Extended pseudo Ricci-symmetric manifolds, generalized semi-pseudo Ricci symmetric manifolds, - curvature tensor.
Influence of organic sources of nutrients on flower of marigold and soil properties
Marigold flower is a most popular for worship, ornamental and after those other many uses in human society. In this respect, a pot experiment was conducted on influence of organic sources of nutrients on quality of marigold and soil properties in eight treatment combination with three replications under randomized block design in sandy loam soil by the use of organic sources of nutrients to affect the flower quantity and quality. The application of different organic and RDF and S doses had positive effects on the growth, floral nature and yield parameters of marigold. application of sulphure @ 30 kg/ha with 100% RDF of NPK (150: 120: 100 kg/ha) showed better effect on the growth, floral and yield parameters. Soil fertility of flower grown soil was favorably influence by the different combination of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer (RDF+ S) in terms of status of soil pH, EC, soil organic carbon, buildup of available N, P, K and S and reduces the calcium carbonate content.
Semi-symmetric non-metric connection on Sasakian manifold
The prime goal of this paper is to investigate Ricci solitons on quasi-concircularly flat, pseudo -flat and pseudo -flat Sasakian manifold using a type of semi-symmetric non-metric connection ̅.
Riemannian manifolds admitting pseudo W2-curvature tensor
In this paper, we obtaine some basic geometrical properties of pseudo -curvature tensor. Then, we study pseudo ̃ symmetric ̃ manifold which recover some known results of De and Ghosh (1994). We also provide several interesting results of ̃ . Moreover, we deal with pseudo -flat perfect fluid and dust fluid spacetimes respectively. As a consequence, we obtain some important theorems. Finally, we construct a non-trivial Lorentzian metric of ̃ .
Characterization of almost -curvature tensor on Riemannian manifold
In this paper we introduce a new tensor named almost -curvature tensor , which generalizes the projective curvature tensor and -curvature tensor. First we deduce some basic geometric properties of . Then, we study pseudo -symmetric manifolds , . We provide several interesting results. Among others we prove that in a if the associated vector field is a unit parallel vector field, then the manifold reduces to a pseudo symmetric manifold. Finally, we construct a non-trivial Lorentzian metric of .
On Concircular nearly recurrent manifolds
The object of the present paper is to study concircular nearly recurrent manifolds.
concircular curvature tensor and scalar curvature
Probiotic-enriched acidophilus milk: A source of nutritional and therapeutic value nutritional significance of acidophilus milk
Acidophilus milk is a fermented dairy product in the presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus a gram positive bacteria. It is a rich source of nutrition as well as assist in controlling the gastro-intestinal disorders. The present study review the compositional changes during ffermentation, the probiotic mechanism of L. acidophilus milk in comparison to conventional milk. Further study describes, the fermentation process enhances the digestibility of milk protein and lactose, which also improve the bioavailability of essential nutrient such as Ca, Vitamins and amino acid. Regular consumption of acidophilus milk has been associated with modulation of gut microbiota, improved gastrointestinal health and potential cholesterol lowering effect. In the USSR acidophilus yeast milk is widely used in treating tuberculosis. The findings underscore acidophilus milk as a functional food with promising application in dietary intervention and public health nutrition.
Effects of sodium arsenite on the behaviour of the freshwater stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis
Toxic metals usually accumulate in the environment due to human activities. Although arsenic, along with its compounds, is a notably potent natural contaminant of groundwater, human activities such as mining, smelting, burning of fossil fuels, use of arsenic-based pesticides and industrial waste contribute significantly. Arsenite (As3+) and arsenate (As5+) are considered the most toxic and prevalent arsenicals found in nature. In the present study, experiments were conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity of sodium arsenite on the freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, over 24-hour and 96-hour periods. Fishes were divided into control and treatment groups 1 and 2, each with 10 fishes of nearly equal size and weight. Fishes of both treatment groups 1 and 2 were exposed to sodium arsenite (1 mg/L, purity 99%, Sigma-Aldrich) for 24 hrs and 96 hrs, respectively, with a water change for treatment group 2 for four consecutive days. Both the control and treated groups of fish were observed for behavioural changes after 24 hours and 96 hours. The results indicated that exposure to sodium arsenite induced erratic movement, hyperexcitability, and excessive mucus secretion from the gills and body surfaces. Additionally, the fishes also exhibited signs of agitation, rapid opercular movement, occasional air gulping, and ultimately losing their equilibrium showing clear signs of distress due to the arsenic exposure. This study highlights the severe behavioural impacts of arsenic contamination on aquatic life, emphasizing the need for effective management of such pollutants in aquatic ecosystems.
Zoonotic helminth fauna in freshwater fish: risk assessment and mitigation strategies
Fish serve as a vital source of nutrition and livelihood worldwide, yet their role as intermediate or paratenic hosts makes them key vehicles in the transmission of various helminth zoonoses. As fish consumption rises, the potential for helminth parasite transfer to humans increases accordingly. Zoonotic helminths are transmitted through fish, including trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, and acanthocephalans. These parasites represent a persistent and evolving public-health challenge at the interface of aquatic ecology, food systems, and human behaviour. Globalized fish trade, expanding aquaculture, shifting dietary habits toward raw or undercooked fish, rising pollution, and climate-driven changes in parasite ecology are collectively elevating the risk of fish-borne helminth emergence. Together, these factors create conditions that favour both the spread and re-emergence of these infections worldwide. This review consolidates current understanding of the epidemiology, transmission ecology, clinical relevance, and detection of fish-borne zoonotic helminths. It emphasizes the need for an integrated, evidence-based framework to strengthen surveillance and reduce associated risks, as shown in the graphical abstract (Figure 1).
Helminths, trematode, cestode, nematode, zoonotic disease.
Effect of Altenaria blight (A. brassicae) on the composition and quality of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) seeds
Disease stress might have profound effect on crop extending to food ready to eat. Keeping this in view the healthy and diseased seeds were analysed for oil content, fatty acid profile and iodine value of oil. The nutritional quality index (NQI) was expressed as the ratio of oleic/erucic acid. The fat free meal was analysed for total protein (TP) crude protein (CP) and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) in 12 genotypes of B. juncea both the healthy and Alternaria brassicae affected seeds grown and analysed under similar conditions for comparative performance. The results indicated that oil content varied due to both genotypes and fungal infection. The oil content varied from 38.4% to 44.0% with the average of 41.3% in healthy seeds. In case of disease affected seeds, the oil content ranged from 32.9% to 40.5% with an average of 36.2% indicating a decrease of 12.34% in diseased seeds as compared to healthy seeds. The fatty acid composition varied only due to genotypes but the disease had little effect. The seed protein content (TP = true protein) which varied from 39.5% to 46.0% in healthy and 38.6% to 44.5% in diseased seeds. NPN content tended to increase due disease incidence
Biochemical parameters, Brassica juncea, Alternaria blight
Comparative prediction for the Japanese encephalitis casea by using linear and non-linear modelings
In this paper, prediction for registered and death cases of Japanese Encephalitis has been carried out by making use of linear and non-linear models. Further, a trend of occurrence of J.E. has also been discussed. Prediction of trend of occurrence has been subject to validation by applying the statistical technique. The present study is taken up for most affected areas of eastern Uttar Pradesh; Gorakhpur and adjoining districts of Bihar and Nepal enveloped by Japanese Encephalitis.
Economics of cold storage industry in eastern district of Uttar Pradesh
Cold storage units were categorized into small, medium and large categories on the basis of their capacities. It was observed that 77.44 per cent of total capacity was used exclusively for potato and rest was used potato seeds and other perishable commodities. Net returns were nearly at par for medium and large units i.e. Rs. 498.73 thousand and Rs. 428.83 thousand respectively and higher as compared to small units, which were Rs. 390.18 thousand. Break even quantity (BEQ) as percentage of actual quantity was 44.51 per cent for small, 52.47 per cent for medium and 65.61 per cent for large units. Payback period was about 10 years and ranged from 7 (small units) to 14 (large units). The capital-output ratio was found to be the highest for small units as compared to medium and large units i.e. 1.48, 1.37 and 1.22 respectively. The most prominent problems faced by the industry were the increase in electricity charges and non availability of finance throughout the year. So that the investment in the cold storages fetched proportionately less benefit. However, their profitability can be enhance through the government intervention by decreasing electricity charges, providing finance throughout the year, low interest rate on borrowed capital and adequate supply of electricity.
-Input-output relationship, economic evaluation, size of holding, net return
Effect of biofertlizers and organic manure on soil microbial population during mung bean growth in Varanasi Inceptisols
To sustain higher level of soil fertility and productivity, integrated use of bio- fertilizers and chemical fertilizers along with organic amendments is advocated because added carbon substrate significantly increases the microbial biomass, leading to enrichment of soil fertility. All the inoculated treatments were significantly increased the total bacterial population over control at 40 DAS, 60DAS and post harvest soil. The highest bacterial population was obtained due to BRh. BM1 +CDM. Each of Bradyrhizobium+CDM or sludge significantly increased the fungal and actinomycetes population over the control (NI). Maximum actinomycetes population was obtained due to BRh. BM 1+ sludge. Each of Bradyrhizobium strains + PSM gave highly significant increase in PSM over the remaining treatments at all growth stages of moongbean crop. The soil microflora ranked in order of total bacteria > actinomicetes > fungi > PSB.
A study of role of marketing variables in technological innovation diffusion
Diffusion models is an approach to analyse the process of diffusion of innovation. Several diffusion models have been developed to predict the penetration curves while many other models are developed to explain the complexities of the underlying diffusion process .In this paper attempt has been made to explain the process of technological change and diffusion with the help of mathematical model.
Copyright (c) 2015 Journal of Progressive Science
Arsenic contamination in Ballia and phytoremediation
Over thousands of years, Arsenic (As) has been washing down from the Himalayas with the Ganga water as sediment, sinking in and mixing with groundwater. In the plains, this As has been leaching into the ground. Some As occurs naturally in groundwater, within limits not harmful. It remained within permissible limits and did no harm till around the 1970s when, concerned over deaths in the Gangetic belt caused mainly by the unhygienic pattern of water consumption and poor sanitary conditions, the Indian government and UNICEF sank millions of tubewells. After 1970, indiscriminate drawing of groundwater resulted in water table sinking and increasing As content. In India, seven states namely, West-Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh in the flood plain of Ganga River; Assam and Manipur in the flood plain of Brahamaputra and Imphal rivers and Rajnandgaon village in Chhattisgarh state have so far been reported affected by As contamination in groundwater above the permissible limit of 50 μg/L. People in these affected states have chronically been exposed to As drinking arsenic contaminated hand tube-wells water. With every new survey, more As affected villages and people suffering from arsenic related diseases are being reported, and the problem resolving issues are getting complicated by a number of unknown factors. It is now generally accepted that the source is of geological origin and percolation of fertilizer residues may have played a modifying role in its further exaggeration. Identification of parental rocks or outcrops is yet to be recognized, including their sources, routes, transport, speciation and occurrence in Holocene aquifers along fluvial tracks of the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Barrak valley. It is reported that the contaminated waters are enriched in Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, bicarbonates, and depleted in sulphate, fluoride, chloride; pH ranged from 6.5 to 8.0; redox condition usually in reducing; high an organic matter content; lodged mostly in sand coatings, or sorbed on clays and organic matters. It has been proved that As has affinity with iron in groundwater both positively and negatively, depending upon the condition. This gives a positive hope of devising in situ remediation of the problem of As contamination by removal of Fe from groundwater before withdrawal. Varieties of As removal devices have been developed, based on different working principles, and have been extended to fields. Many of those could not produce satisfactory performance due to sludge disposal problems. Among the various removal technologies, lime softening and iron co-precipitation have been reported to be the most effective removal technologies, and observed running satisfactorily, where operation and maintenance problems were taken care of by public-private partnership. The available As removal technologies require refinement to make them suitable and sustainable for their large scale effective uses. Alternative removal technology i.e. phytoremediation is ecofriendly and cost effective.
Influence of legumes residues decomposition on change in physico-chemical properties of alluvial soil
A laboratory experiment was conducted on the decomposition of legumes residues on change in soil properties. The Incubation experiment was carried out for 0-42 days in alluvial soil with different doses of different legumes residues decomposition. For the analysis of soil samples were drawn for pH, EC, Bd, Organic carbon, available N.P.K.S to assess their content in agriculture farm alluvial soil (Inceptisols). The bulk density and pH was found decrease in treatment combination of pigeon pea, lentil and pea with their increased amount viz. 30 t/ha amp; 60 t/ha of soil incorporation. The EC of soil was not effective to decrease by legume residues materials treated under study. Organic carbon enrichment was showed not significantly beneficial effect on their enhancement while legume residues and materials were indicated greater available N in T6 at 42 days. The treatment combination of legume residues materials showed small variation with gradual increase in available phosphorus in all stage. Similarly, greater in available K and S content were noticed maximum at 42 days with incorporation of pea (T7) @60t/ha but the gradual pattern was observed in sequence as legume residues (pigeon pea, lentil and pea) over the control. So, legume residues as pigeon pea, Lentil and pea were showed as elastic change in the chemical properties of soil due to addition of their chemical reaction with @60 t/ha.
Analysis of non-exponential queueing networks with application
Blocking of queues is common feature in present day applications of Queueing Networks. Blocking Phenomenon of queues was studied under Non-exponential Queueing Networks. Study of blocking is done under two means one 'stop' and another 'repeat' i.e. when blocking occur, either service is slopped or repeated. Stop and repeat behaviours are equivalent for partial balance conditions. The present condition is correlated to product-form results. The illustration of results is in form of open and closed Networks applications.
Some results on Semi-Generalized Recurrent ????-cosymplectic manifolds
The object of the present paper is to study some geometrical properties of a semi-generalized recurrent ????-Cosymplectic manifolds
Semi-generalized ????-recurrent manifold
On the existence of R-⊖ symmetric finsler spaces
Cartan (1926, 1927) and Helgasan (1962) discussed the existence of symmetric spaces in a Riemannian space. Certain symmetric Finsler spaces and it's properties have been discussed by Tiwari and Srivastava (2001). The object of present paper is to extend the concept of symmetric space for ???? ⊝ − symmetric Finsler space admitting non-symmetric connections. Some properties of such a space have been investigated.
Diagnosis of foliar diseases of Brassicaceous hosts caused by Alternaria spp. in India
Brassicaceous hosts (crucifers) constitute the source of cooking oils, high quality of vegetables and ornamental plants. Twelve plants (hosts) of the family Brassicaceae were found to suffer from the attack of five species of genus Alternaria. The symptoms caused by different species of Alternaria, symptom differentiations, morphological characters of all the five causative fungi and their comparative differentiation and the simple key for their ready and correct identification have been given in this communication
Petrography and diagenesis of sandstones from renji formation in and around Phiphima, Dimapur, Nagaland, India
Renji Formation, the youngest unit of Barail Group, is characterized by massive, hard, thicklybedded and ferruginous sandstones intercalated with minor shales. Sedimentary structures observed are load cast; ripple marks, plane and fine cross laminations.Petrographic compositions of the studied sandstones suggest their derivation from a mixed provenance having contributions from all possible sources dominated by a sedimentary provenance. Sediments of the study area have undergone both early and late stages of diagenesis and are influence by chemistry of sea water, and increasing depth. Diagenetic features preserved in the siliciclastics of the study area suggest a depth range of 1.5 to 2.5 km and a temperature above 100°C.
Studies on Alternaria spp. associated with medicinal plants in Uttar Pradesh
Many types of plants are known for their medicinal value. Drugs are obtained from their roots, stems, branches, barks, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. Like other plants, the medicinal plants also suffer from several maladies. Seventeen such plant species were collected which were affected from fungal pathogens. On isolation and their morphological studies, six species of Alternaria were identified associates with them. A comparative study was made on the symptomatology of diseases for their diagnosis.
Recurrence relation for product moments of modified weibull distribution under progressive censoring
Modified Weibull distribution introduced by A.M. Sarhan in 2009. Exponential, Weibull and Linear Exponential distribution is particular case of Modified Weibull Distribution. In this paper, we discuss some properties of moments.
Association of Alternaria spp. with cereals and millets
Cereals and millets (small grains) are the most important sources of food for human being. These crops are affected from the infection of seven species of Alternaria causing leaf spots and blight. Alternaria triticina and A. triticola are especially found associated with wheat crop alongwith causation of black point due to A. tenuissima. Stack burn of rice is caused by A. padwickii, a serious disease of this staple crop which occurs from seedling to maturity stage of the plants. A. alternata, a plurivorous fungus infects jowar (sorghum) Bajra (pearl millet), barely and kodon while A. infectoria causes leaf spot/blight and seed discolouration of wheat, barely, oat and rye. The symptomatology of diseases caused by different species of Alternaria has been described and the comparative morphological characters of 6 species of Alternaria have also been given in this review for their identification and differentiation among them.
Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Progressive Science
The tendency of indivisual has brought about the environmental problem. The scientific and technical developments which have generally been anticipated to bring about the betterment in human life, have resulted into a new kind of problem related to the disturbance of nature's established order, either because of ignorance or because of the failure on the people in anticipating the other side of this development the evil side. However, it should be made clear that the responsbility of the presentcrisis can not be attributed to these development factors alone. The fact is that people themeselves are to be blamed who have gone a long way in consuming natural resources without taking into consideration its far reaching effects. On the one hand, the technical development have provided indivisual with the variety of ways and means for the physical comforts, on the other it has generated many crisis also. Processing of chemical prodcts, atomic programmes and mining are some of the projects where little ignorance and inefficiency may bring a great adverse result. After analysing the adverse effects and the valuable outputs of the technical and scientific developments, it comes automatically to mind whether these developmental programmes should be given away at once? A balance between the fulfilment of human needs and the ecology should be maintained by talking care of the use of developmental projects. If the proper choice of technology is not made and the apptopriate change is not brought about therein, there is a dangerous possibility of degradation of human society with the degradation of ecological and environmental balances.
Decomposition of curvature tensor fields in a tachibana first order recurrent space
Takano (1967), have been studied decomposition of curvature tensor in a recurrent space. Sinha and Singh (1970), have been studied and defined decomposition of recurrent curvature tensor field in a Finsler space. Singh and Negi (1985), studied on decomposition of recurrent curvature tensor fields in a Kaehlerian space. Further, Negi and Rawat (1995), studied decomposition in a Kaehlerian recurrent space. Rawat and Silswal (2007), studied decomposition of recurrent curvature fields in a Tachibana space. In the present paper, we considered the decomposition of curvature tensor fields ????௜௝௞ ௛ in terms of four non-zero vectors in a Tachibana first order recurrent space. Several theorems also have been established and proved.
Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Progressive Science
Synthesis and characterization of some mixed ligand complexes of Co (II) and Co(III) with N-Ethoxycarbonylpyrrole-2-Thiocarboxamide (ETH) and various nitrogen containing heterocyclic bases
The complexes of type [M(ETH)2(X)H2O] [M = Co(II) or Co(III); X = pyridine, βpicoline and imidazole] have been synthesized. They have been characterized by analytical analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurement, IR, and UV-visible spectroscopic methods. In all the complexes metals are six coordinate with octahedral geometry about Co (II) and Co (III).